Philippine History Book By Teodo
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Philippine History Book By Teodo: A Review of Teodoro A. Agoncillo's Works
Teodoro A. Agoncillo was one of the most influential Filipino historians of the 20th century. He was known for his nationalist and critical perspective of Philippine history, challenging the dominant narratives of colonialism and elitism. He wrote several books that became standard textbooks in many Filipino universities, such as Philippine History, The Revolt of the Masses, Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic, and The Fateful Years. In this article, we will review some of his major works and their contributions to Philippine historiography.
Philippine History
Philippine History is Agoncillo's most comprehensive and popular work, first published in 1960. It covers the history of the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the post-war period, highlighting the struggles and achievements of the Filipino people against foreign domination and oppression. Agoncillo adopts a social history approach, focusing on the lives and experiences of the masses rather than the elites. He also incorporates primary sources from various languages, such as Tagalog, Spanish, English, and Japanese, to provide a more diverse and authentic perspective of Philippine history.
Philippine History is divided into four parts: Part I deals with the pre-Spanish period, Part II covers the Spanish colonial period, Part III discusses the American colonial period and the Philippine Revolution, and Part IV examines the Japanese occupation and the post-war period. Each part consists of several chapters that narrate the political, economic, social, and cultural developments in each historical era. Agoncillo also provides analysis and critique of the historical events and actors, exposing the contradictions and conflicts that shaped Philippine history.
The Revolt of the Masses
The Revolt of the Masses is Agoncillo's seminal work on Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan, published in 1956. It is a biography of Bonifacio, the founder and leader of the Katipunan, a secret society that launched a revolution against Spanish colonial rule in 1896. Agoncillo portrays Bonifacio as a hero of the masses, a revolutionary leader who embodied the aspirations and grievances of the Filipino people. He also traces the origins and development of the Katipunan, its ideology, organization, membership, operations, and achievements.
The Revolt of the Masses is considered a groundbreaking work in Philippine historiography for several reasons. First, it challenged the prevailing view of Bonifacio as a secondary figure to Emilio Aguinaldo, who was regarded as the first president of the Philippine Republic. Agoncillo argued that Bonifacio was more representative of the Filipino nation than Aguinaldo, who was an elite politician who betrayed Bonifacio and compromised with the Americans. Second, it presented a nationalist and Marxist interpretation of Philippine history, emphasizing class struggle and national liberation as the driving forces of historical change. Third, it used primary sources from various archives and libraries, such as Katipunan documents, testimonies, newspapers, and memoirs, to reconstruct a more accurate and detailed account of Bonifacio and the Katipunan.
Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic
Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic is Agoncillo's sequel to The Revolt of the Masses, published in 1960. It covers the history of the Philippine Republic from 1898 to 1901, focusing on its establishment in Malolos, Bulacan; its constitution; its government; its war against Spain and America; its internal conflicts; and its eventual collapse. Agoncillo analyzes the achievements and failures of
the Philippine Republic as a democratic experiment that faced multiple challenges from within and without.
Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic is another important work in Philippine historiography for several reasons. First, it provided a comprehensive and balanced account of the Philippine Republic that was not biased towards Aguinal 061ffe29dd